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Europe
- EU Member States
- Non-EU Countries
and EU Candidates
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About ITEN - Non-EU Countries, EU Candidates and Former Soviet Republics
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Background and
Significance
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Research Priorities
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Activities
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Research Products
Africa
- South Africa
Latin America
- Mexico
- Other Latin
American Countries
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Non-EU Countries
and EU Candidates
Armenia
Since 1996, Armenia has enacted national tobacco action plan and taken
actions to prevent initiation of tobacco use. The efforts include complete
and partial bans on direct advertising of tobacco products, such as bans
on cigarette advertising on TV and radio, in local magazines and newspapers,
and in cinemas. All tobacco manufacturers must obtain license from the
government, health warnings appear on tobacco products and are part of
permissible tobacco advertising. Advertising still appears in international
magazines and newspapers. Indirect advertising of tobacco products such
as direct mailing, giveaways and promotional discounts is also permitted.
There are no restrictions on distribution or sale of tobacco products,
and on smoking in public place including public transport.
The research priorities include analysis of tobacco use and poverty, economic
significance of the tobacco industry for the economy, and estimates of
price elasticity of tobacco products.
Croatia
Croatia has set specific targets for tobacco control policies as part
of the government strategy to promote public health. There is a national
coordinating body for tobacco control in Croatia. It supports interventions
to prevent initiation of tobacco use and to protect non-smokers by providing
smoke-free areas in health care and education facilities as well as in
public transport. Since 1999 there is a complete ban of most direct and
indirect advertising of tobacco products. The sale of tobacco products
to youth is prohibited, and the distribution of tobacco products through
various outlets are either completely banned (for example, vending machines)
or partially restricted (for example, mail order or electronic sales).
Research priority include the impact of smoking on health and costs of
smoking, analysis of cigarette demand and the impact of war stress on
smoking prevalence.
Romania
At the end of 1990’s, Romania introduced a series of tobacco control
laws. They restrict direct and indirect advertising of tobacco products
on national TV and radio and product placement on TV and in films. They
also limit advertising in local magazines and newspapers and sponsoring
events with tobacco brand name. But direct mail, giveaways, promotional
discounts, billboard advertising or advertising in international newspapers
and magazines are not restricted. There are regulations on the sale of
tobacco products to youth, but restrictions on the distribution of tobacco
products through various outlets like self-service displays or mail order
or electronic sales are limited. License is required for manufacturing,
imports and exports of tobacco products. Health warnings on tobacco products
and in tobacco advertising are required in Romania. Research priority
include evaluation of public attitude towards smoking behavior and towards
tobacco control public policies, analysis of cigarette demand and analysis
of tobacco farming and manufacturing.
Ukraine
Though Ukraine has not set up a national tobacco action plan, it has a
national coordinating body for tobacco control and interventions to prevent
initiation of tobacco use and to protect non-smokers. It has restrictions
on some direct and indirect advertising of tobacco products such as bans
on national TV and radio, restrictions to advertise in local magazines
and newspapers and to sponsored events to promote tobacco brand name.
But other direct and indirect advertising, such as product placement on
TV and in movies are not restricted. Promotional discounts of tobacco
products are also allowed. Licensing is required for the distribution
and sale of tobacco products. Some public areas such as health care, education,
and government facilities, and in some public transport are smoke-free.
Research priority include analyses of smuggling and its impact on tobacco
tax collection, analysis of cigarette demand and impact of tobacco advertising
on smoking prevalence.
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